Motif I.A: Predestination Motif I.B: Transgressions Motif I.C: Unusual Death Motif I.D: Possession or Control Motif Index Home
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif I.A.1: Date of conception or birth | |||||
| a. Christmas day | Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 408); Oinas, F. (1982) in A Dundes (1998: 48). | ||||
| b. Other important holy days | du Boulay (1982: 87) in A. Dundes (1988: 87); Lawson, J. (1910: 408). | ||||
| Motif I.A.2: Birth Order | |||||
| a. Seventh child of the same sex. | Murgoci, A. (1926) in Dundes (1998: 20). | ||||
| b. Seventh child. | Cremene, A. (1981) cited in Barber, P. (1988: 30). | ||||
| Motif I.A.3. Children of vampires | Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 18). | Nisbet, H. (1900: 4?). | Carter, A. (1979: 119); Chetwynd-Hayes, R. (1975: 263); Sherman, D. (1991: 126-127); Simmons, D. (1992: 237, 339, 363, 381, 393); Strieber, W. (1981: 181); Tenn, W. (1956: 201). | Blade (1998); Underworld (2003); Underworld: Rise of the Lycans (2009); Underworld: Awakening (2012); Underworld: Blood Wars (2016);Vamps (2012); Van Helsing (2004). | |
| Motif I.A.4: Problems during Pregnancy | |||||
| a. Enchanted by a vampire. | Murgoci, A. (1926) in Dundes (1998: 20). | ||||
| b. Lack of salt. | Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 20). | ||||
| Motif I.A.5: Abnormal physical characteristics at birth | |||||
| a. A child who is born with one or more teeth or a double row of teeth | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 197); Bargheer, E. (1931) cited in P. Barber (1988: 30); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006 17); Machal, J. (1918) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 73); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 213); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 18, 19). | ||||
| b. A child born with a caul | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 197); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006 17); Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 19-20); Perkowski, J (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 17, 19, 20). | Harkness, D. (2011: 447); | |||
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Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 213); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48). | ||||
| d. A third nipple | Cremene, A. (1981) cited in Barber, P. (1988: 30). | ||||
| e. Unusual amount of hair on the torso | Cremene, A. (1981: 38) cited in Barber, P. (1988: 31); Senn, H. (1982:61). | ||||
| f. A lack of cartilage in the nose or a split lower lip | Hertz, W. (1862: 123) cited in P. Barber (1988: 30-31). | ||||
| g. Serious birth defects | Trigg, E. (1973: 142). | ||||
| Motif I.A.6: Illicit sexual unions | |||||
| a. The offspring resulting from the sexual union of a werewolf or the devil with a witch. | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Baring-Gould, S. (1865: 71); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48) Senn, H. (1982: 63). | ||||
| b. The illegitimate child of two illegitimate parents. | Burkhart, D, (1966:216) cited in P. Barber (1988: 30). | ||||
| Motif I.A.7: Werewolf during life | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Baring-Gould, S.(1865: 71); Lawson, J. (1910: 378, 385); Oinas, F. (1982:48) in A Dundes (1988: 48); Ralston, W. (1872: 409); Senn, H (1982: 63). | ||||
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif I.B.1: Denial of Religion or Religious Rites | |||||
| a. Refusal to take last rites. | Biblio: Lorentz, F. (1935) in J. Perkowski (2006: 17). | ||||
| b. Failure to cross yourself. | Biblio: “The Vampire and St. Michael” (a folktale) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 263). | ||||
| c. Failure to receive baptism before death. | Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 409); Marinov, D, (1914) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 534); Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 20). | ||||
| d. Apostates. | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Lawson, J. (1910: 364, 375, 399, 409). | Cholmondeley, M. (1890: 112). | Kostova, E. (2005: 173). | Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Vampires (1998). | |
| e. Excommunicates. | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 72, 314); Lawson, J. (1910: 364, 375, 386, 402, 409); Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 536, 540); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48). | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 53). | |||
| f. Witches and Sorcerers | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); “Death at the Wedding (a folktale) in J. Perkowski (2006: 333); Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 409); Machal, J. (1918) in J. Perkowski (2006: 75); Murgoci, A. (1926) in A, Dundes (1998: 20); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48). | Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977:154). | Roman, V. (1925) in L. Shepard (1977: 259). | Black Sunday (1960). | |
| Motif I.B.2: Social Deviance | |||||
| a. Drunkards | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 75); Lowenstimm, A. (1897) cited in P. Barber (1988: 29); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48); Ralston, W. (1872: 409). | Cholmondeley, M. (1890: 112). | |||
| b. Assorted miscreants including thieves, murders, traitors and those generally evil or depraved | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 196); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 72, 73, 75, 122, 314, 320); Eaves, A. (1904) in J. Perkowski (2006: 185); Fine, J. (1987) in A. Dundes (1998: 58); Lawson, J. (1910: 3634); Marinov, D. (1914) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 531, 533); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 48); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 39); Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 20); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1969) in J. Perkowski (2006: 237-238). | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 26); Cholmondeley, M. (1890: 112); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977:154); Polidori, J. (1819) in Three Tales of the Undead (2012:35); Rymer, J. (1847) in C. Herr (2008: 666); Tolstoy, A. (1841) in L. Kuehl (1969: 80). | Benson, E. (1912) in L. Shepard (1977: 193). | ||
| Motif I.B.3: Contamination | |||||
| a. Touching or drinking the blood of a vampire | Horst, G. (1821) cited in P. Barber (1987) in A. Dundes (1998:111); Krauss, F. (1892) in A. Dundes (1998: 68). | Harkness, D. (2011: 300); Harkness, D. (2012: 156); Harkness, D. (2014: 73, 250); Rain, J. R. (2011: 497-498, 502); Warrington, F. (1997: 76, 97); White, K. (2019: 156). | 30 Days of Night (2007); Dark Shadows (2012); Dracula (1979); Dracula Untold (2014); Dracula's Daughter (1936); The House of Dracula (1945); The Lost Boys (1987); The Vampire Diaries (2009-2016: S1:E4; S1:E6; S1:E10; S1:E13; S4:E1) | ||
| b. Eating meat from an animal killed by a wolf or a vampire | du Boulay, J. (1982) in A. Dundes (1988: 88); Lawson, J. (1910: 376, 410); Fluckinger (1732) cited in P. Barber (1988: 16, 17). | ||||
| Motif I.B.4: Marital Status/Lack of Progeny | |||||
| a. Unmarried persons | Perkowski, J. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 37). | ||||
| b. The childless | Perkowski, J. (2006: 574). | ||||
| Motif I.B.5: Cursing others or being cursed or being unforgiven by parents or victims | |||||
| a. Unmarried persons | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 75, 166, 314, 320); Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 389, 409); Perkowski, J. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 38); Vukanovic, T (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 238). | Dumas, A. (1849: 65). | Dark Shadows (2012); | ||
| b. The childless | Perkowski, J. (2006: 574). | ||||
| Motif I.B.6: Improper burial practices or lack of burial | |||||
| a. General neglect such as failure to clean the body or say prayers | Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 71, 74, 122, 314, 320, 372); Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 407); Marinov, D. (1914) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 534). | Kostova, E. (2005: 72). | |||
| b. Allowing animals, shadows, or objects to cross over the corpse | Abbott, G. (1903) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 394); Afanas’ev (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 196); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 54, 71, 73, 287-288, 314, 320, 372); Fine, Jr,, A. 1987) in A. Dundes (1998: 58); Lawson, J. (1910: 376, 410); Machal, J (1918) in J. Perkowski (2006: 75); Marinov, D. (1914) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 534); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 213); Perkowski, J. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 38); Trigg, E. (1973: 142, 149); Vuckanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 237, 239); Zakhariev, J (1918) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 397, 539). | Kostova, E. (2005: 475, 482). | |||
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif I.C.1: Vampire Attack | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 197); Fluckinger, J. (1732) cited in P. Barber (1988: 15-20); Lawson, J. (1910: 373); “Travels of 3 English Gentlemen (1810) cited in K. Wilson in A. Dundes (1988: 7); Trigg, E. (1973: 151). | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 53); Crawford, A. (1891: 60?); de Lamothe-Langon (1825: 96); Feval, P. (1875: 67); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 35, 84); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 157); Polidori, J. (1819) in Three Tales of the Undead (2012:35); Rymer, J. (1847) in C. Herr (2008: 172, 703, 739; Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: Chapter XVI); Tolstoy, A. (1846) in L. Kuehl (1969: 183?); Tolstoy, A. (1884) in L. Kuehl (1969: 96, 116). | Benson, E. (1912) in L. Shepard (1977: 197); Benson, E. (1920) in L. Shepard (1977: 243); David, P. (2014); del Toro, G, & Hogan, C. (2009-2011: 127, 153, 258, 295, 317); Friesner, E. (1991: 33); Hambly, B. (1988: 99, 130); Harris, C. (2001: 60); Johnson, R. (1939: 48); King, S. (1975: 176-177, 213, 309); Knight, T. (1995: 190, 195); Kostova, E. (2005: 55, 87, 144, 264, 266, 277, 430, 434, 568, 627); Lindquist, J. (2004: 80, 260); Matheson, R. (1954: 29, 82); Meyer, S. (2005: 290, 361); Meyer, S. (2007: 144); Meyer, S. (2008: 325); Newman, K. (1992: 87, 202); Owen, L (2014); Rain, J. R. (2009: 79, 98); Rain, J. R. (2010: 207); Roman, V. (1925) in L. Shepard (1977: 253, 259); Shepard, L. (1993: 12, 13, 65, 184); Shwartz, S. (1997: 9,13); Warrington, F. (1997: 83, 94, 182, 210, 221, 240, 249); Yarbo, C. (1978a: 66, 148); Yarbo, C. (1978b: 292, 333). | 30 Days of Night (2007); Billy the Kid versus Dracula (1966); Black Sabbath (1963); Black Sunday (1960); Blade (1998); Blood and Roses (1960); Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992); Count Dracula (1970); Dark Shadows (2012); Dracula (1931); Dracula 2000 (2000); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula has Risen from the Grave(1968); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966); Fright Night (1985); From Dusk till Dawn (1996); From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (2014-2016: S1:E7; S1:E9; S2:E6); Horror of Dracula (1958); House of Dark Shadows (1970); Innocent Blood (1992); Let the Right One In (2008); Love at First Bite (1979); Near Dark (1987); Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979); Rise: Blood Hunter (2007); Salem’s Lot (1979); Salem’s Lot (2004); Scars of Dracula(1970); Son of Dracula (1943); Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The Hunger (1983); The Kiss of the Vampire (1963); The Return of the Vampire (1943); The Satanic Rites of Dracula(1973); The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 (2011); The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010); Twilight (2008); Underworld (2003); Underworld: Evolution (2006); Vampires (1998); Vamps (2012); Van Helsing (2004). |
| Motif I.C.2: Vampire attack with a mutual exchange of blood | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 283, 287, 290). | Bronte, C., & Erwin, S. (2010: 14, 20, 299, 351); Chetwynd-Hayes, R. (1980: 107,108); David, P. (2014: 138, 186, 220); Grahame-Smith, S. (2010: 101, 377); Hambly, B. (1988: 206); Harkness, D. (2011: 107, 200); Harris, C. (2001: 60); Hodge, B. (1992: 64); Newman, K. (1992: 99, 101, 220-221, 270); Owen, L. (2014: 111, 144, 145, 159, 198); Rice, A. (1976: 178, 242); Rice, A. (1985: 77, 79, 139, 354, 365); Stoker, D. & Holt, I. (2009: 226, 315, 358); Strieber, W. (1981: 25, 70, 71); Yarbo, C. (1978a: 244); Yarbo, C. (1978b: 292, 334, 355, 363). | A Discovery of Witches (2018-2021: S1, E1); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Dracula (1931); Interview with the Vampire (1994); The Hunger (1983); Vamps (2012). | |
| Motif I.C.3: Suicides | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 76,314, 320): Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 408); Marinov, D. (1914: 534); Murgoci, A. (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 19 & 25); Trigg, E. (1973: 142); Zakhariev, J. (1918) cited in Perkowski, 2006: 397). | de Lamothe-Langon (1825: 107, 113, 190); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 84); Tolstoy, A. (1841) in L. Kuehl (1969: 83). | Benson, E. (1912) in L. Shepard (1977: 198); Kostova, E. (2005: 580, 619); Roman, V (1925) in L. Shepard (1977: 259): Shwartz, S. (1997: 10). | Curse of the Undead (1959); |
| Motif I.C.4: Violent Deaths such as from murder or execution. | Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 73, 76, 137, 314, 320); de Tournefort, M. (1717) cited in P. Barber (1988:21); Lawson, J. (1910: 375, 408); Marinov, D. cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 534); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 213); Trigg, E. (1973:142); Zakhariev, J. (1918) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 397, 530). | Dumas, A. (1849: 43); Gilbert, W. (1867) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 70); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 154 ); Polidori, J. (1819) in Three Tales of the Undead (2012: 36). | Crawford, F. (1911) in L. Shepard (1977: 175); Roman, V (1925) in L. Shepard (1977: 259). | Black Sunday (1960). |
| Motif I.C.5: Accidental deaths such as falling from a height, drowning, being hit by lightening, or being stillborn. | Barber, P. (1988: 16); “Dubrovnik Criminal Court Transcript" (from events in 1737-1738) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 401, 403, 405); Lawson, J. (1910: 408); Marinov, D. (1914: 534); Perkowski, J (2006: 3450; Trigg, E. (1973: 142); Zakhariev, J. (1918) cited in J. Perkowski, 2006: 397). |
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif I.D.1: By the Devil or an evil spirit | “Dubrovnik Criminal Court Transcript" (from events in 1737-1738) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 405); Karadzic, V, (1969) cited in Fine, Jr., J, (1987) in A. Dundes (1998: 58); Lawson, J. (1910: 365, 367, 369, 376, 403-407); Marinov, D. (1914) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 531, 533, 536); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 212); Perkowski, J. (1982) in J. Perkowski (2006: 550). | de Lamothe-Langon (1825: 62-63, 95); Dumas, A. (1849: 457). | White, K. (2019: 112); | Black Sunday (1960); Vampires (1998). |
| Motif I.D.2: By witch or sorcerer | Oinas, F (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 53). | Gilbert, W. (1867) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 76, 77); Tieck, J. (1819: 10). |